Taken from : Informasi Kapuas
DAYAK NGAJU INTEREST AND SETTLEMENT LEWU JUKING
Kuala Kapuas built long before the existence of the capital of Central Kalimantan, Palangkaraya. Kapuas District is one of the former autonomous region and unoccupied Kotawaringin Dayak Besar included in the Residency area of South Kalimantan. Ngaju Dayak tribe were the original inhabitants Kapuas. This tribe is composed of two sub-tribes: Tribe-Kahayan Kapuas and Ot Danum, settled on the right and the left bank of the river Kapuas Kahayan. Sports Kapuas-Kahayan settled on the right side and left side of the river Kapuas river Kahayan between downstream until the middle of the river, while the Sports Ot Danum upstream of the second river.
According heritage "Tetek Tatum", the ancestor of the Dayak tribe Ngaju initially settled around the mountains in Central Kalimantan Schwaner (Alang, 1981). It was only in the next development Dayak Ngaju tribe settled and spread along the river bank and river Kapuas Kahayan.
The spread of settlements along side rivers and river Kapuas Kahayan can not be known with certainty at the start, because there is no legacy in the form of written or finished goods (artfa) within the article. It was only in about XIV century in a manuscript written by a poet Nagarakrtagama Prapanca of Majapahit in the year 1365 AD, mentions the existence of these settlements. Later in the script Hikayat Banjar, Chinese news during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) and the Edicts of the agreement between the Sultan of Banjarmasin with the Dutch government carried stories of the nineteenth century settlement along the Kapuas River and the river called the settlement Lewu Juking Kahayan.
Lewu Juking long menage a settlement located near the mouth of the Kapuas river moody (the western part of Pulau Petak delta which empties into the Java Sea), approximately 10 kilometers from the coast of Java Sea. Settlement is quite a lot, along with the settlements around such settlements and settlement Badapaung other until the mouth of the canal, has a population of around 1,000 heads of families. Settlement Lewu Juking and surrounding settlements led by a chieftain named Raden Labih.
Population Lewu Juking and surrounding residents are often attacked by a group of pirates, although several times the group of pirates to being beaten back by residents Lewu Juking and surrounding areas, but residents feel safe kuarng live in the area, so that in 1800 many people moved residence to find a place far from disruption the pirates.
As a result of population movement Lewu Juking and surrounding areas, then along the river and the river Kapuas Joyless emerging new settlements, like the river Kapuas Joyless appear Bakungin settlement led by Malik Raksapati, across the River settlement Palingkau Tatas emerged led by Damboeng Sir, Handiwung River settlement led by Damboeng Duyu, settlement Apui River (across from Palingkai) led by Raden Labih who later succeeded by his son Tamanggung Ambu. Being on the banks of the Kapuas River there are new settlements such as River Basarang, Pulau Telo, River Bapalas and River Kanamit that the names of the new leaders are known in the event of armed resistance against the Dutch in the vicinity of Kuala Kapuas (1859-1860). Basarang River led by Commander Tako, led by Commander Bapalas River Unyek, and River Kanamit Officials led by Sutil.
Settlements on the River Betang Passover, is the only evidence of history in the city of Kuala Kapuas that still exist. In subsequent developments in 1806 serve as a milestone in the establishment of City of Kuala Kapuas.
"FALLEN KAPUAS" DUTCH COLONIAL DAYS
In October 1835, 29 years after the settlement betang built, the Dutch came to set foot for the first time on earth Kapuas. According to historical records, Zacharias Hartman, an employee Binnenlandsch Bestuur (Pangrehpraja), was the Dutch who first came on the land of Kapuas. He began to travel by boat oar work exploring the river and the river Kapuas Joyless to Jangkang. Since the river Apui he was accompanied by a guide.
In subsequent historical developments, relations with the Dutch Kapuas identical with the relationship of warfare. Why not, since the Dutch set foot on earth has happened several times Kapuas war. Call it among other Banjarmasin War (1859-1863). In this battle, the station-station in the area of the Kapuas Zending-Kahayan closed down by Dutch and Palingkai considered by the Dutch as a hotbed of insurgents.
On June 16, 1859, Dutch troops under the command of Captain Mariner Van Hasselt with 2 Palingkai warships attacked and burned all the buildings there. Banjarmasin War ended in early March 1863. As a result of this war Kingdom of Banjar deleted Gubernemen subsequently incorporated into the Dutch East Indies.
Then, the war continues with Barito war (1865-1905). Armed resistance in the vicinity of Kuala Kapuas (1859-1860), Tewah War (1885-1886) which erupted in the region Kahayan Hulu, in this war the Dutch put his military post in Kuala Kurun with post help him in Tuyun (Kahayan Central) and in Muara Kawatan (Middle Kapuas) and placed back in Kuala Kapuas military post.
In order to monitor traffic in the waters of the Kapuas district, in February 1860 the Dutch built fort at the End of Joyless (about the home office of Regent of the moment), the place called Kuala Kapuas. The name is taken from Kuala Kapuas Ngaju Dayak language, the language used by the locals, who call the region as Tumbang Kapuas. In this region the Dutch appoint an official in the rank Gezaghebber (Stakeholder power) called Broers concurrently as commander of the fort. In addition to the above officials, Tamanggung Nicodemus Jayanegara and Nicodemus Ambu or appointed as the head of the district. And in March 1863 Tamanggung Nicodemus Jayanegara build betang in Hampatung.
FORMATION KAPUAS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
News Japanese power collapse followed by the proclamation of Indonesian independence Kapuas known by the public through the daily Banjarmasin Borneo Shimbun, published on August 25, 1945. The news conveyed by the envoy of Kalimantan yan just returned from Jakarta, namely A. A Hamidhan and A. A. Rival brothers. At that time, the Japanese are still in control until the allied forces, Australian soldiers.
Australian troops under the command of Colonel Robson came in charge of disarming the Japanese troops. The delegation of the Dutch troops armed organization NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) under the leadership of Major Van Assenderp joined Australian troops ride. Before the Australian troops leave Banjarmasin on October 24, 1945, the NICA has compiled Administration to South Borneo region under the leadership of the Resident Abley. Where Kapuas recombined with the Barito and Sampit including the unit unoccupied Kotawaringin Afdelling Kapuas - Barito, similar to the circumstances at the time before the Japanese occupation.
After the Japanese occupation, by early December 1945 the Dutch side has not touched the Kapuas region, although their instructions have been conveyed to the Indonesian authorities that the former Gucho (District Head) in Kuala Kapuas and Kuala Kurun to perform governmental duties as usual. It was only on December 17, 1945 the Dutch (NICA) came directly to Kuala Kapuas, and getting people's struggle under the leadership of Haji Alwi around 9.8 kilometers Anjir tightly.
In the year 1946 with solid Dutch rule in Borneo, Kapuas region that is divided to form new Orderdistrik Downstream capital of Kuala Kapuas Kapuas, West Kapuas Orderdistrik Mandomai its capital, its capital Pujon Orderdistrik Middle Kapuas, Central Kahayan Orderdistrik Pahandut its capital, its capital Downstream Kahayan Orderdistrik Home Knives and Orderdistrik Hulu Kahayan with Tewah capital.
Meanwhile, on December 27, 1946 in Banjarmasin formed the Regional Council of Dayak Besar, which is a Local Government Agency which includes Apdeling Kapuas, Barito (excluding Lanschap Kotawaringin) on the basis of Zeltbestuur Regeling (unoccupied Regulation) 1938 and as chairman is Groneveld (former Assistant Resident), Vice Chairman and Secretary Raden Cyrillus Kesranegara and Mahir Mahar. This is the first council was formed in Kalimantan.
In 1948 the Regional Council elections are held Dayak Besar in multilevel systems of every 100 (hundred) people voting to appoint a chief selector, which is directly voted against the proposed candidate. And was elected as chairman Haji Alwi, vice chairman Helmuth Konom, Secretary Roosenshoen, daily management limbs Markasi from Sampit, Barthleman from Barito, Adenan Maratif and ED Tundang of the Kapuas.
In January 1950 the Regional Council officially joined the Dayak Besar RIS Territory became part of the Republic of Indonesia Regional States. But in this situation the people wanted a unitary state, rather than compromise the Federated States of Netherlands, as in the following events:
1. Resolution of a combination of the Four Party (PNI, SKI, Pakat Dayak and Parkindo) dated February 5, 1950 Great Dayak Region of the Republic of Indonesia is not affiliated with the Regional Section of RIS.
2. Date March 21, 1950 a demonstration demanding the dissolution of the Regional Council under the leadership of Dayak Besar Mochran Ali and Helmuth Konom, both members of the Senate RIS.
3. Date 1 April 1950 a large meeting in Kuala Kapuas and decided to send 3 delegates (AA Samat, Abuzarin, and Sukimin Mustawiradji) to Yogyakarta in the context of the delivery of voice of the people who demanded the dissolution of the Regional Council of Dayak Besar, but not so depart.
On 14 April 1950 on the basis of people's demand is based on the belief itself to meet the aspirations of the people, the Regional Council of Dayak Besar determine the attitude of fusion themselves officially into the Republic of Indonesia. And with the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs Number C.17/15/3 dated June 29, 1950 set about the areas in Kalimantan, which has been incorporated in the Republic of Indonesia with the administration of government consists of 6 districts namely Banjarmasin, Hulu Sungai, Kota Baru, Barito , Kapuas and Kotawaringin and 3 autonomous regions of Kutai, Berau and Bulungan.
At the end of 1950 the Head Office of the Kapuas Preparation Wedana F. Dehen entered a period of retirement and handed over to Markasi (Former Member of the Regional Council of Dayak Besar). Later in the month of January 1951 was replaced by Patih Bernstein Baboe. During this period the Kapuas inaugurated. Precisely on the day Wednesday, March 21, 1951 in Kuala Kapuas inauguration done by the Minister of the Interior and at the same time appoint Members of the House of Representatives of the Region, while consisting of representatives of political parties and non-political organization of Masyumi, Parkindo, PNI, Muhammadiyah and other other. At that time the Regents have not selected and temporarily handed over to Patih Barnstein Baboe as chief executive.
In early May 1951 was appointed as Regent Raden Badrussapati Regional Head of Kapuas first inauguration was held on May 9, 1951 by Governor Murjani on behalf of the Minister of Home Affairs. Kapuas community, each dated March 21, declared the anniversary of the Kapuas district that coincided with the inauguration of the Regional Government of Kapuas district.
Copied from:
Ali, B. (2006). Build Kapuas, Banjarmasin: Center for Community Development Studies (COMDES) Kalimantan cooperate with the National Development Planning and Investment (BPPMD) Kapuas
Published by Syamsuddin Rudiannoor, S. Sos
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